A Summerain city in southern Iraq .At the beginning of the 4th millennia it became a cultivated city, at the end of the 4th millennia it became a city- state during the Dawn Of Dynasties ,then it acquired political importance at the end of the 3rd millennia BC When the 3rd Ur Dynasty was established .The city had many buildings dated back to the beginning of the history and the Dawn of Dynasties eras, such as the temples.

The most significant thing in Ur is the Royal Graveyard that was built in different ages, but the oldest one was dated back to the 3rd Dawn of Dynasties era.

Situated in the northren part of Iraq ,Raweandooze district ,this cave has been inhabited by the Nyandirtal man in the Ancient Stone Age .

Nine skeletons and children skeletons were discovered inside this cave .

The finding of those skeletons is considered as one of the largest skeletons collection ever discovered in a similar archelogical site .

It was a bout 5000 years ago , it was called Helif because there was a hill named as Helif which looked upon Al- Khabur river near Ra’as Al-Ain village -which situated on the borders of Syria , 140 miles North-West Nineahva. That age charectarized with its coulourful , beautiful clay, villages in that age would be advanced very much .

The civilization of Helif had spreaded in Nineavah ,Al-Arbajeah and Tapah Qura , The Iraqi people in that age had started to use metals espacially lead and brass .

It is known also by rule of a caliph, this era started with the of first caliph after the prophet Mohamed (God bless him and grant him salvation), he is Abu Baker Al-Sideeq (May God be pleased with him), his name is Abed Allah Ben Abee Quhaafa Ottoman Ben Aamer, with the agreement of the community on calling him as The Honest, because he believed the messenger without delay, he had honorable situations in al-Islam, he was the first among men who became as a Moslem he accompanied the messenger in all his wars, he spent his money for the spreading of Al-Islam ,he had more knowledge and intelligence than the other companions.

He was one of the noblemen in Quraish, one of the tenth that they had been delighted with Paradise, one of the fourth Caliphs, also the greatest knowing companions and self-denying, he is the first one who made a calendar since Al-Hijrah date, he made public treasury prescribing the rising of Rammadan, forbidding temporary marriage, taking governmental office, beginning the victories, survey the rural area of Iraq and settling judgement in big cities.

He made big cities such as: Al-Kuffa, Al-Jazeerah, Al-Shaam, Al-Mousel, destroying the messenger mosque wide and enlarge it, he died on Wednesday Thy-al Hija 23 after Hijrah, he was in 63 years, his rule was during 10 years, 6 months and 8 days.

It is located in the southern central part of Iraq, about 100 km south of Baghdad the capital .The province’s area is about 6793 km, then constituting 2% of the total area of Iraq. It is terrain, which inclines southwards, rises about 35 m above sea level.

Climate is desert like with a paucity of rainfall (about 50-200 mm per year only. Temperature sears to 50 degrees Celsius in summer and has pleasantly warm winter weather. 1998 census revealed a population size of 1109574. Babylon is agricultural in character with main corps being wheat,barley, corn, sesame, cotton along with the same secondary corps of vegetables, tubers onions, etc.

It has vast groves of palm tree and citric fruit. Further more it is particularly rich in sheep and cattle interspersed camels. It has vast poultry farms and fodder factories depending on run-off or mechanical irrigation but no rainfall agriculture due to scarcity of rains.

September 22 is the province day and, an annual festival is held there called International Babylon Festival at the same day.

The capital of Iraq and its largest city. Situated on both sides of the Tigris River. The administration buildings are concentrated in it. Economic income of Baghdad relies on industries, trade, agriculture and services.

Surrounded by fields and orchards of vegetables and fruits. However, there are three major administrative areas in Baghdad, Kerkh, Rusafa and Kadmya.

Baghdad has many famous historical sights. Some are religious such AL-Gaelanie shrine, Ommer-AL-Sehrawerdy, the minaret of Kulafa mosque, Zumerad Khatoon, the dome of Seljooka Khatoon and Tel Hermal a sight belonged to the Babylonian era. In Tel Hermal Babylonian law scripts were found dating 200 years before Hamouraby era as well as some mathematical equations.

Built by Utbah Ben Ghazouan (14h.- 635 A.D.) during the reign of the Third Khalif Omar Ben Al-Khattab to host the Arab Islamic army. The name means (the white stone) because the land it was built on was stony. Flourished and became a cultural & commercial center. The Basra Mosque is the first mosque built in Iraq. It is the main Iraqi port leading to the Arabian Gulf. It extends on a surface of 20.496 km2. Its climate is hot in summer, cold in winter, with sand storms.

It is a city of ancient history, which refers to the fifth century before Christ, yet it was considered as an agriculture village,it was inhabited by the ancient man, then by Assurians who where Arab tribes came from Arabia Island, they took a significant role in directing the commercial caravans between Syria and Iraq, and it became their capital at the eleventh century before Christ.

It was freed from Sasynians the Persian ruler at the time of Caliph Oumer Ben Al-khatab. Neneva city is a nation of Prophets, It has a peculiar central position, located on the north western part of Iraq bounded from the west by Seria. its aria is about 32308 km2 and It owns an excellent weather which is unique comparing to the other Iraqi governorate. It has a long spring season, called a city of two springs.

Neneva is a Tourist city it is a recreation, religious, archeological city, there will a spring festival yearly starting on the 21st of March welcoming spring season. Tigers river penetrate the Governorat in a wavy direction from the north to the south dividing the city in two equal parts, we can categorize its geographical aria into three parts the mountains and hills region the wavy and high lands.

It lies in the north of Iraq. to the north of it there is Turkey and to the east is Iran .its area is (13165)square km within peneplain whose climate is a temporary between Mediterranean see and the desert climate, it characterized with chilly and reduction of moisture ,the rate of rains is between (200-600)mm. the winds movement in this area is western and northeastern.

It was main center of goddess Aushtar during Asseryian era, where their kings came to bless them before going to wars.

It was liberated by Muslims during caliph Omar bin al- Khatab’s time ,under leadership of Autba bin Farqid, then it was occupied by Britain which appointed ( Hai) as a politician ruler of the city in 1918.

There are more than (110)archeological hills and sites date back to stone age till the Islamic age, the most outstanding archeological features are Arbil castle.

The economical aspects of Arbil depends on agriculture and industry, the agriculture depends on rain and head springs. in addition to inauguration of Aski Kilik and Najama projects which helped too much in agriculture . In this province is grown different kinds of vegetables and grains as wheat, barley , corn…, etc. its people graze the sheep,goats and cattle.

It was named Khirsan way during two eras Abbasid and Otmanian eras. Dyalah river is the main river in the province that was called

It lies in the middle region of Iraq, at the east of Tigris river . between 44-46 longitude and 33- 35 latitude. its area is (120813) square kilo meter, forming 4,4% of total area of Iraq .it is considered within plain region .part of it lies within east brink of sedimentary plain, while the east part is wavy rocky lands that some rivers pervade as rivers Qazaniah and Abi- Nafit. Its lands are wavy and unarable. While the northwestern region of this city is arable .its climate is steppe which is temporary between the climates of Mediterranean see and hot desert.

It characterized with archeological hills back date the fifth thousand B.C till the civilization ages as, til Asmer where was Ishnona city , it was founded a number of temples, palaces and statues in it , til Ajrab, til Ashjali which contains temple of sun god and Ishtar.

Hero of various myths and epics. The name was mentioned in the Summerian Kings’ annals of the first Uruk dynasty, the second dynasty that ruled after the Great Flood. The annals mention Galgamesh as a king who ruled for 126 years. The oldest mention of his name dated to Jamdet Nasr era (3200BC). His name was written in various forms. It means in Akkadian (The Warrior in Front). In Summerian it means (The Man who is the Seed for a New Tree). Many cylinders represent him wrestling wild beasts.